“Cadets, global security and global prosperity depend on the leadership of the United States of America. “In the face of all these challenges, America plays a singular role of leadership,” the vice president told the graduates. In the history-making speech, Harris discussed themes of global security and prosperity, arguing that America’s democratic ideals “inspire billions.” Taken collectively, they are impossible to ignore.Vice President Kamala Harris on Saturday became the first woman to deliver a commencement address at the graduation ceremony at the US Military Academy in West Point, New York, warning graduates they were “an increasingly unsettled world where long standing principles are at risk.” Taken individually, any one of the three eras of injustice outlined by Darity and Mullen-slavery, Jim Crow, and modern-day discrimination-makes a powerful case for black reparations. Finally, Darity and Mullen offer a detailed roadmap for an effective reparations program, including a substantial payment to each documented U.S. Using innovative methods that link monetary values to historical wrongs, they next assess the literal and figurative costs of justice denied in the 155 years since the end of the Civil War.

After opening the book with a stark assessment of the intergenerational effects of white supremacy on black economic well-being, Darity and Mullen look to both the past and the present to measure the inequalities borne of slavery. Kirsten Mullen confront these injustices head-on and make the most comprehensive case to date for economic reparations for U.S. In From Here to Equality, William Darity Jr. Economic data indicates that for every dollar the average white household holds in wealth the average black household possesses a mere ten cents. Today, systematic inequality persists in the form of housing discrimination, unequal education, police brutality, mass incarceration, employment discrimination, and massive wealth and opportunity gaps. But neither Reconstruction nor the New Deal nor the civil rights struggle led to an economically just and fair nation. government temporarily implemented a major redistribution of land from former slaveholders to the newly emancipated enslaved.

Perhaps no moment was more opportune than the early days of Reconstruction, when the U.S. At several historic moments, the trajectory of racial inequality could have been altered dramatically. Racism and discrimination have choked economic opportunity for African Americans at nearly every turn. The most comprehensive case for reparations to date

From here to equality